is composed of the autonomous republic of the Russian Federation in the north-east. Siberia, pow. 3.1 million km2, 1.1 million inhabitants. (1999): Yakut (approx. 43%), Russians (47%) and Ukrainians, and Evenks Eweni Czukcze; stol. Yakutsk. The greater part of the territory occupied by J. mountains and plateaus: G. Wierchojańskie, G. Czerski with the peak Pobeda (3147 m height), Wyż. Środkowosyberyjska, G. Ałdańskie, in the center. and the northern part of the country's lowlands (Środkowojakucka, Jańsko-Indygirska, Kołymska) the climate is cool continental, to the north subpolarny the average temperature in January below-30oC (-Verkhoyansk Oymyakon - the coldest area of \u200b\u200bnorthern hemisphere: Quoted at temperatures below -70oC), July 10-19oC; depth. rivers: Lena, John, Indigirka River, Kolyma used for floating timber and shipping, about 50% of the area. taiga forest cover type, depth. larch. The basis of economy is mining (gold, diamonds, tin ore, natural gas, coal kam.) Ind. timber, fishing, hunting, animal husbandry fur; hydro (Hydro Wilujska) water transport (Northern Sea Route, the port of Tiksi), Railway (section of the Baikal-Amur, in the construction of the line amursko-Yakutsk), air, human traces in the territory of J comes from the younger Palaeolithic discovered numerous remains of mammoth (protected since 1991). The formation of the nation jakuckiego was accomplished by fusion of various ethnic elements; Yakuts lived in the ancestral organism, which even before the conquest by Russia (seventeenth / eighteenth century) began to disintegrate, Russia forced to jasaku Yakut (tribute in kind), while the opposition attempts were taken hostage , refractory sold; influx of Russian settlers caused the creation of (the largest in 1634, 1636, 1681), in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was a place of J. exile and forced labor for political prisoners, some of them - including Poles - settled on a permanent basis after his release, the Poles also put a significant contribution to the study of geography and ethnography, J.; 1922-1991 Yakutsk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the composition of the Russian FSRR.
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